Chemotherapy-induced hyperpigmentation is caused by many chemotherapeutic agents (especially the antibiotics bleomycin, and daunorubicin) and the alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide and busulfan).[1]:132
Tags: Dermatology stubs, Medicine stubs
Familial progressive hyperpigmentation is characterized by patches of hyperpigmentation, present at birth, which increase in size and number with age.[1]:858
In dermatology, hyperpigmentation is the darkening of an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin.
Drug-induced pigmentation of the skin may occur as a consequence of drug administration, and the mechanism may be postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in some cases, but frequently is related to actual deposition of the offending drug in the skin.[1]:125-6
Hemosiderin hyperpigmentation is pigmentation due to deposits of hemosiderin, and occurs in purpura, hemochromotosis, hemorrhagic diseases, and stasis dermatitis.[1]:853
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation can result from any natural or iatrogenic inflammatory condition, resulting from two mechanism: (1) increased epidermal pigmentation via increased melanocyte activity or (2) dermal melanosis from melanocyte damage and melanin drop out from the epidermis into the dermis.[1]:854
Periorbital hyperpigmentation is characterized by dark circles around the eyes, which are common, often familial, and frequently found in individuals with dark pigmentation or Mediterranean ancestry.[1]:858 Atopic patients may also exhibit periorbital pigmentation (allergic shiners), and treatment is ineffective.[1]:858
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy refers to drug treatment given to people with cancer prior to surgery or radiotherapy. The aim is to reduce the size of the cancer before receiving further treatment, thus making procedures easier and more likely to be successful. This chemotherapy is commonly used in cancers that are locally advanced - where an operation is technically planned at a later stage. The use of such chemotherapy can effectively reduce the difficulty and morbidity of more extensive procedures. The use of chemotherapy is to turn the tumour from untreatable to treatable by shrinking the volume down. Often it can be unclear which
Palonosetron (INN, trade name Aloxi) is a 5-HT3 antagonist used in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). It is the most effective of the 5-HT3 antagonists in controlling delayed CINV—nausea and vomiting that appear more than 24 hours after the first dose of a course of chemotherapy—and is the only drug of its class approved for this use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.[1] As of 2008, it is the most recent 5-HT3 antagonist to enter clinical use. Palonosetron is administered intravenously, as a single dose, 30 minutes before chemotherapy,[1] or as a single oral capsule
Palonosetron (INN, trade name Aloxi) is a 5-HT3 antagonist used in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). It is the most effective of the 5-HT3 antagonists in controlling delayed CINV—nausea and vomiting that appear more than 24 hours after the first dose of a course of chemotherapy—and is the only drug of its class approved for this use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.[1] As of 2008, it is the most recent 5-HT3 antagonist to enter clinical use. Palonosetron is administered intravenously, as a single dose, 30 minutes before chemotherapy,[1] or as a single oral capsule
Casopitant (INN) is an neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist undergoing research for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).[1] It is developed by GlaxoSmithKline and is likely to be marketed in the US as Rezonic and in the EU as Zunrisa.