Method of control disease of Alternaria mali
The way to prevent alternaria mali get into plant is: always makes strict quarantine, never import young plant from loimic garden or cion from effected plants; if it is possible, collect fallen leaves and infected twigs and burn them in winter (Bayer cropscience, 2004). The way of controlling alternaria mali normally is the use of resistant cultivars and fungicides. According to Sawamura (1990) apple cultivars which have resistance are: Indo, Red Gold, Raritan, Delicious, Fuji, Golden Delicious, Ralls, Toko, Tsugaru, Mutsu, Jonagold, Jonathan. The chemical control of alternaria mali is using fungicides, examples: iprodione, mancozeb and captan (Lee & Kim, 1986; Osanai et al., 1987).
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Identity name: Alternaria mali Roberts Common names: Alternaria blotch of apple
Alternaria mali makes a huge damage to leaves of plants. As an on-line article said: Alternaria blotch has been a serious problem in North Carolina since the late 1980s. By 1993, growers in nine counties in southern and central Virginia reported seeing this problem, some with as much as 50 to 60 percent defoliation on 'Delicious'. Although leaf blotch severity may vary from year to year, there are strong indications that it has spread to new areas in North Carolina and Virginia, and could become a problem in more northern
Alternaria mali is a plant pathogen.
As most plants against diseases, the first line of defense against infection is the physical barrier of the plants epidermis, which consisted of “the epidermis of the primary plants body and the periderm of the secondary plant body” (Neil, & Jane, n.d. p.828). The first defense sometimes is not strong enough, so that Alternaria mali can still get through stomates and hydathodes of leaves (Neil, & Jane, n.d. p.828). Generally most pathogens are resisted by gene for gene recognition (Neil, & Jane, n.d. p.828), so does Alternaria mali. This is because apple trees have an “innate ability to recognize invading
As reported by (K.S. Yoder & A.R. Biggs, n.d.) the Alternaria mali disease cycle is “The fungus can overwinter as mycelium on dead leaves on the orchard floor, in mechanical injuries in twigs, or in dormant buds”. And after that, in the next year “Primary infection takes place about one month after petal fall” (K.S. & A.R., n.d.). The optimum temperature for disease is in a “range of 77 to 86 F (25-30 C)” (K.S. Yoder & A.R. Biggs, n.d.) and in a wet condition. Infection occurs at optimum temperatures “with 5.5 hours of wetting” (K.S. & A.R., n.d.), and
Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen, producing a disease in tomato and potato plants called early blight.[1]
It produces small, darkened lesions on the plants, that spread into growing black spots of dead tissue, often killing most of the plant in the long run[2]. Seeds infected with the disease may even damp off during germination.
This disease can be prevented with some fungicides, including azoxystrobin, potassium bicarbonate, hydrogen dioxide as well as the biological control agent Bacillus subtilis.[3]
Other preventative measures include ensuring the healthy circulation of air in garden rows, rotating crops so that solanaceous plants are only present every three years,
Diplocarpon mali is a plant pathogen that causes Marssonina blotch on apple.
Monilinia mali is a plant pathogen which causes leaf blight on apple.
Pseudocercospora mali (Ellis & Everh.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 147 (1976)
Alternaria panax is a plant pathogen, who causes Alternaria blight of Ginseng.
Xylaria mali is a plant pathogen that causes black rot on apple.
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